Haryana
Area: 44,212 sq km
Capital: Chandigarh
Language: Hindi
Districts: 19
The state is bounded by UP in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the south. The Union Territory of Delhi juts into Haryana and is encompassed by it on three sides.
Physiography: The south west of Haryana is dry, sandy and barren. Haryana has no perennial rivers. The only river which flows through Haryana is the Ghaggar, which passes through the northern fringes of the state. Rainfall is meagre, particularly in the districts of Mahendragarh and Hissar.
History: Haryana has a proud history going back to the Vedic age. The state was the home of the legendary Bharata dynasty, which has given the name Bharat to India. Haryana is immortalised in the great epic Maha-bharata. Kurukshetra, the scene of the epic battle between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, is situated in Haryana.
The state continued to play a leading part in the history of India till the advent of the Muslims and the rise of Delhi as the imperial capital of India. Thereafter, Haryana has functioned as an adjunct to Delhi and practically remained anonymous till the first war of Indian independence in 1857 when the people of Haryana joined the leaders of the Indian revolt against the British Government.
When the rebellion was crushed and the British administration was reestablished, the Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahdurgarh, the Raja of Ballabhgarh and Rao Tula Ram of Rewari of the Haryana region were deprived of their territories. Their territories were either merged with the British territories or handed over to the rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind. Haryana thus became a part of the Punjab province.
The modern State of Haryana came into being on November 1, 1966 as a result of the re-organization of the old Punjab State into two separate states. It was formed as a linguistic state, on the pattern of other states in India, the Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab having been assigned to it. Second language status has been given to Punjabi (1996).
Administration: The legislature consists of only one house, the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) The state is divided into 19 districts.
Districts
- Ambala
- Kurukshetra
- Karnal
- Jind
- Sonipat
- Panipat
- Rohtak
- Panchkula
- Faridabad
- Gurgaon
- Mahendragarh
- Bhiwani
- Hissar
- Sirsa
- Rewari
- Kaithal
- Yamunanagar
- Fatehabad
- Jhajjar
Haryana is proverbially known 'as the milk pail of India'.Per capita per day availability of milk is 579 grams against the Indian average of 180 grams. The major industries are cement, sugar, paper, cotton, textiles, glassware, brassware, cycles, tractors (largest production in the country), motorcycles, timepieces, automobile tyres and tubes, sanitaryware, television sets, steel tubes, hand tools, cotton yarn, refrigerators, vanaspati, ghee and canvas shoes.
A factory of the Hindustan Machine Tools producing tractors is located at Pinjore.Gurgaon is a fast growing industrial hub where Maruti Udyog is the central piece. There are 1,20,000 small scale industrial units in the state. Haryana is the first state to have electrified all of its villages.
The Indian Army has 11.2% of its soldiers from Haryana. Haryana introduced total prohibition in the state on July 1, 1996.The 21-month-old prohibition was lifted in April, '98.
Universities:
- Ch. Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Pin: 250 005
- Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Pin: 125 001
- Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Pin: 136 119
- Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Pin: 124 001
- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Pin: 132 001.
Tourist Centres: Raj Hans, Badhkal Lake, Surajkund, Dabchik, Sultanpur, Barbet, Sohna and Pinjore. Haryana has a network of 44 tourist complexes. Tourists number 7,00,000. Haryana girdles Delhi from three sides with all the national highways to these tourist centres running through it. In 1993 tourism was declared an industry. Labels: Haryana
